Is the word pingue-pongue the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No

The difference lies in typical usage. In Brazil, "pingue-pongue" is the standard, everyday term used to refer to the game in almost any context (casual or organized). In Portugal, while "pingue-pongue" is understood, the standard and most natural term for the sport is "ténis de mesa." In Portugal, using the term "pingue-pongue" often implies a more informal, recreational, or even "childish" version of the game, whereas "ténis de mesa" is the preferred term for both leisure and professional settings.

Brazilian Portuguese

1. Vamos jogar um pingue-pongue? (Let's play some ping-pong?)
2. Eu sou craque no pingue-pongue. (I'm a pro at ping-pong.)
3. Comprei uma mesa de pingue-pongue nova. (I bought a new ping-pong table.)
4. O torneio de pingue-pongue vai começar. (The ping-pong tournament is about to start.)
5. Ele joga pingue-pongue todo final de semana. (He plays ping-pong every weekend.)

Continental Portuguese

1. Vamos jogar um pouco de ténis de mesa? (Let's play a bit of table tennis?)
2. Eu sou muito bom no ténis de mesa. (I am very good at table tennis.)
3. Comprei uma mesa de ténis de mesa nova. (I bought a new table tennis table.)
4. O torneio de ténis de mesa vai começar. (The table tennis tournament is about to start.)
5. Ele joga ténis de mesa todos os fins de semana. (He plays table tennis every weekend.)