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Is the word mateus the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes

The word "Mateus" is a proper noun (a name). There are no differences in its meaning, spelling, or grammar between Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. The only difference is in pronunciation. In Brazil, the vowels are generally more open and clearly articulated. In Portugal, unstressed vowels tend to be more reduced or "swallowed," and the final "s" is typically pronounced as a "sh" sound ([ʃ]), whereas in many Brazilian dialects, it is pronounced as an "s" or "z" sound.

Brazilian Portuguese

  1. O Mateus é meu melhor amigo. (Mateus is my best friend.)
  2. Eu vi o Mateus no shopping ontem. (I saw Mateus at the mall yesterday.)
  3. O Mateus vai estudar medicina. (Mateus is going to study medicine.)
  4. Você conhece o Mateus? (Do you know Mateus?)
  5. O Mateus esqueceu o celular em casa. (Mateus forgot his cell phone at home.)

Continental Portuguese

  1. O Mateus é o meu melhor amigo. (Mateus is my best friend.)
  2. Vi o Mateus no centro comercial ontem. (I saw Mateus at the shopping center yesterday.)
  3. O Mateus vai estudar medicina. (Mateus is going to study medicine.)
  4. Conheces o Mateus? (Do you know Mateus?)
  5. O Mateus esqueceu o telemóvel em casa. (Mateus forgot his mobile phone at home.)