Is the word doce the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No

While the word "doce" serves the same primary functions in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese—acting as an adjective meaning "sweet" and a noun meaning "candy" or "sweet"—there are significant differences in typical usage and pronunciation:

• Usage (Noun): In Brazil, "doce" refers to candies or confectionery. When referring to fruit preserves or jams, Brazilians use the word geleia. In Portugal, "doce" is the standard term for these preserves (e.g., doce de morango for strawberry jam).
• Pronunciation: Brazilian Portuguese tends to use more open vowels, making the "o" in "doce" sound more like [dɔ-si]. In Continental Portuguese, the vowels are more closed and reduced, often sounding closer to [dutu] or [dusu] depending on the regional accent.

Brazilian Portuguese

1. Este bolo está muito doce. (This cake is very sweet.)
2. Eu adoro comer doces. (I love eating sweets.)
3. O doce de leite é o meu favorito. (Dulce de leche is my favorite.)
4. Ela é uma criança muito doce. (She is a very sweet child.)
5. O suco de laranja está muito doce. (The orange juice is very sweet.)

Continental Portuguese

1. Este bolo está muito doce. (This cake is very sweet.)
2. Eu adoro comer doces. (I love eating sweets.)
3. O doce de leite é o meu favorito. (Dulce de leche is my favorite.)
4. Ela é uma criança muito doce. (She is a very sweet child.)
5. O sumo de laranja está muito doce. (The orange juice is very sweet.)