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Is the word departamento the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes.

The word "departamento" is identical in meaning, spelling, and grammar in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. The only difference is pronunciation. In Brazilian Portuguese, unstressed vowels are generally more open and clearly articulated. In Continental Portuguese, these vowels undergo "vowel reduction," meaning they become much more closed, neutralized, or even nearly silent (for example, the "e" in "de" is pronounced as a very short [ɨ] in Portugal, whereas it is much more audible in Brazil).

Brazilian Portuguese

  1. O departamento de marketing é muito eficiente. (The marketing department is very efficient.)
  2. Ele trabalha no departamento financeiro. (He works in the finance department.)
  3. O departamento de eletrônicos está fechado. (The electronics department is closed.)
  4. Vá ao departamento de RH para entregar os papéis. (Go to the HR department to hand in the papers.)
  5. O departamento de vendas está crescendo. (The sales department is growing.)

Continental Portuguese

  1. O departamento de marketing é muito eficiente. (The marketing department is very efficient.)
  2. Ele trabalha no departamento financeiro. (He works in the finance department.)
  3. A secção de eletrónica está fechada. (The electronics section is closed.)
  4. Vá ao departamento de Recursos Humanos para entregar os documentos. (Go to the Human Resources department to hand in the documents.)
  5. O departamento de vendas está a crescer. (The sales department is growing.)