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Is the word debate the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes

The word "debate" is identical in spelling, meaning, and grammatical function in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. The only difference is in pronunciation. In Brazilian Portuguese, the vowels are generally more open and clearly articulated (for example, the final "e" often sounds like a soft "i" in many Brazilian regions, e.g., de-ba-tchi). In Continental Portuguese, vowels—especially unstressed ones—are much more closed, reduced, or even nearly silent, making the word sound much more clipped and consonant-heavy.

Brazilian Portuguese

  1. O debate presidencial foi muito acalorado. (The presidential debate was very heated.)
  2. A gente precisa debater esse assunto na reunião. (We need to debate this subject in the meeting.)
  3. Eu não gosto de participar de debates na internet. (I don't like participating in debates on the internet.)
  4. O debate entre os alunos foi bem produtivo. (The debate between the students was quite productive.)
  5. Eles começaram um debate sobre o novo projeto. (They started a debate about the new project.)

Portuguese (Portugal)

  1. O debate presidencial foi bastante acalorado. (The presidential debate was quite heated.)
  2. Temos de debater este assunto na reunião. (We have to debate this subject in the meeting.)
  3. Não gosto de participar em debates na internet. (I don't like participating in debates on the internet.)
  4. O debate entre os alunos foi muito produtivo. (The debate between the students was very productive.)
  5. Eles iniciaram um debate sobre o novo projeto. (They started a debate about the new project.)