Is the word colocar the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No.

While the meaning and spelling of "colocar" are identical in both dialects, there is a difference in typical usage. In Brazil, "colocar" is the most common, natural, and everyday verb used for the action of "to put" or "to place." In Portugal, while "colocar" is grammatally correct and used in more formal or specific contexts, the verb "pôr" is much more frequent and natural for the same simple, everyday actions.

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

1. Vou colocar os livros na estante. (I am going to put the books on the shelf.)
2. Você pode colocar o açúcar no café? (Can you put the sugar in the coffee?)
3. Ele colocou o celular na mesa. (He put the cell phone on the table.)
4. Vamos colocar a música para tocar. (Let's put the music on to play.)
5. Ela colocou o casaco porque estava frio. (She put on her coat because it was cold.)

Continental Portuguese Examples

1. Vou pôr os livros na estante. (I am going to put the books on the shelf.)
2. Podes pôr o açúcar no café? (Can you put the sugar in the coffee?)
3. Ele pôs o telemóvel na mesa. (He put the mobile phone on the table.)
4. Vamos pôr a música a tocar. (Let's put the music on to play.)
5. Ela pôs o casaco porque estava frio. (She put on her coat because it was cold.)