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Is the word cirurgião the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes

The word "cirurgião" is identical in meaning, spelling, and grammatical function in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. The only difference lies in pronunciation. In Brazil, the vowels tend to be more "open" and the rhythm of the word is more melodic, while in Portugal, the vowels are more "closed" or reduced, and the pronunciation of the nasal diphthong "-ão" is typically more compressed.

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

  1. O cirurgião operou o paciente com muito sucesso. (The surgeon operated on the patient with great success.)
  2. Eu preciso agendar uma consulta com o cirurgião plástico. (I need to schedule an appointment with the plastic surgeon.)
  3. O cirurgião cardíaco já está na sala de cirurgia. (The cardiac surgeon is already in the operating room.)
  4. Ela trabalha como cirurgiã em um hospital particular. (She works as a surgeon in a private hospital.)
  5. O médico e o cirurgião conversaram sobre o caso. (The doctor and the surgeon talked about the case.)

Continental Portuguese Examples

  1. O cirurgião operou o doente com muito sucesso. (The surgeon operated on the patient with great success. — Note: "doente" is more common than "paciente" in this context.)
  2. Tenho de marcar uma consulta com o cirurgião plástico. (I have to book an appointment with the plastic surgeon. — Note: "tenho de" and "marcar" are more natural than "preciso" and "agendar".)
  3. O cirurgião cardíaco já está no bloco operatório. (The cardiac surgeon is already in the operating room. — Note: "bloco operatório" is the standard term in Portugal.)
  4. Ela trabalha como cirurgiã num hospital particular. (She works as a surgeon in a private hospital. — Note: "num" is the contraction of "em + um".)
  5. O médico e o cirurgião discutiram o caso. (The doctor and the surgeon discussed the case. — Note: "discutiram" is often used for professional deliberations.)