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Is the word capítulos the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes

The only difference between the use of "capítulos" in Brazilian Portuguese and Continental Portuguese is pronunciation.

In Brazilian Portuguese, the vowels in unstressed syllables are typically more open and clearly articulated. The rhythm of the word is more "syllable-timed," making each vowel sound distinct. In Continental Portuguese, unstressed vowels tend to be more "reduced" or closed, and the rhythm is more "stress-timed." This means a person from Portugal might pronounce the "i" in "capítulos" much more softly, almost approaching an indistinct sound, whereas a Brazilian would pronounce it more clearly. The spelling, meaning, grammar, and fundamental usage remain identical.

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

  1. Eu li três capítulos desse livro ontem. (I read three chapters of this book yesterday.)
  2. Esse é um capítulo importante da nossa história. (That is an important chapter of our history.)
  3. Os capítulos finais da saga são incríveis. (The final chapters of the saga are incredible.)
  4. Você já terminou os capítulos da lição? (Have you finished the chapters of the lesson yet?)
  5. A vida é feita de vários capítulos. (Life is made of various chapters.)

Continental Portuguese Examples

  1. Estou a ler os capítulos que me emprestaste. (I am reading the chapters you lent me.)
  2. Já terminaste o capítulo três? (Have you finished chapter three?)
  3. Os capítulos deste volume são complexos. (The chapters of this volume are complex.)
  4. Ele está a estudar os capítulos da matéria. (He is studying the chapters of the subject.)
  5. Gostei muito dos primeiros capítulos. (I liked the first chapters very much.)