Is the word cafeteria the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No

The difference lies in typical usage and meaning. In Brazil, "cafeteria" is frequently used to refer to a canteen or dining hall (such as those found in schools, hospitals, or large offices), in addition to a coffee shop. In Portugal, the word "cafeteria" refers almost exclusively to a place that serves coffee (a coffee shop). To refer to a canteen or a dining hall, a Portuguese person would typically use the word refeitório. Additionally, for a simple coffee shop, a Portuguese person is much more likely to use the word café.

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

1. A cafeteria da empresa é ótima. (The company cafeteria is great.)
2. Almoçamos na cafeteria da escola todos os dias. (We eat lunch at the school cafeteria every day.)
3. Preciso passar na cafeteria para tomar um café. (I need to stop by the coffee shop to have a coffee.)
4. A cafeteria da universidade é muito grande. (The university cafeteria is very large.)
5. Não gosto da comida da cafeteria do hospital. (I don't like the food at the hospital cafeteria.)

Portuguese (Portugal) Examples

1. O refeitório da empresa é ótimo. (The company canteen is great.)
2. Almoçamos no refeitório da escola todos os dias. (We eat lunch at the school canteen every day.)
3. Preciso passar no café para tomar um café. (I need to stop by the café to have a coffee.)
4. O refeitório da universidade é muito grande. (The university canteen is very large.)
5. Não gosto da comida do refeitório do hospital. (I don't like the food at the hospital canteen.)