Is the word cacheados the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No

While the word "cacheados" carries the same literal meaning in both Brazil and Portugal (referring to curly hair), there is a difference in typical usage. In Brazil, "cacheado" is the standard and most natural way to describe curly hair. In Portugal, although "cacheado" is understood, the word "encaracolado" is much more common and is the natural choice for native speakers when describing this hair type.

Brazilian Portuguese usage

1. Eu gosto de pessoas com cabelos cacheados. (I like people with curly hair.)
2. Os fios cacheados precisam de muita hidratação. (Curly strands need a lot of hydration.)
3. Ela comprou um creme específico para cabelos cacheados. (She bought a specific cream for curly hair.)
4. Meus irmãos têm cabelos muito cacheados. (My brothers have very curly hair.)
5. Você prefere cabelos lisos ou cacheados? (Do you prefer straight or curly hair?)

Continental Portuguese usage

1. Eu gosto de pessoas com cabelos encaracolados. (I like people with curly hair.)
2. Os fios encaracolados precisam de muita hidratação. (Curly strands need a lot of hydration.)
3. Ela comprou um creme específico para cabelos encaracolados. (She bought a specific cream for curly hair.)
4. Os meus irmãos têm cabelos muito encaracolados. (My brothers have very curly hair.)
5. Tu preferes cabelos lisos ou encaracolados? (Do you prefer straight or curly hair?)