Is the word cabo the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes

The word "cabo" is identical in meaning, spelling, and grammar in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. It serves the same primary functions: referring to a handle (e.g., cabo da faca), a cable or wire (e.g., cabo de energia), a military rank (Corporal), or a geographical cape (e.g., Cabo da Boa Esperança). The only differences are phonological, specifically regarding the pronunciation of the unstressed final "o" (which is reduced to a "u" sound in both, but with different vowel qualities) and the rhythmic stress of the word.

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

1. Eu perdi o cabo do meu celular. (I lost my cell phone cable.)
2. O cabo da faca está quebrado. (The knife handle is broken.)
3. Eles estão fazendo cabo de guerra. (They are playing tug of war.)
4. Eu assino TV a cabo. (I have cable TV.)
5. Ele foi promovido a cabo no exército. (He was promoted to corporal in the army.)

Continental Portuguese Examples

1. Eu perdi o cabo do meu telemóvel. (I lost my mobile phone cable.)
2. O cabo da faca está partido. (The knife handle is broken.)
3. Eles estão a fazer cabo de guerra. (They are playing tug of war.)
4. Eu tenho televisão por cabo. (I have cable TV.)
5. Ele foi promovido a cabo no exército. (He was promoted to corporal in the army.)