Is the word cabeceira the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

Yes.

The word "cabeceira" is identical in meaning, spelling, and grammar in both Brazilian and Continental Portuguese. It consistently refers to a headboard (of a bed), the head of a table, or the headwaters/source of a stream or valley. The only difference is pronunciation: Brazilian Portuguese tends to pronounce the vowels more openly and clearly, while Continental Portuguese often reduces or "swallows" unstressed vowels, making the word sound more closed and consonantal.

Brazilian Portuguese

1. A cabeceira da cama é de madeira escura. (The headboard of the bed is made of dark wood.)
2. Ele sentou na cabeceira da mesa para liderar a conversa. (He sat at the head of the table to lead the conversation.)
3. A expedição subiu até a cabeceira do rio. (The expedition went up to the headwaters of the river.)
4. Eu comprei uma luminária nova para colocar na cabeceira. (I bought a new lamp to put on the headboard.)
5. A cabeceira da mesa estava reservada para o convidado. (The head of the table was reserved for the guest.)

Portuguese (Portugal)

1. A cabeceira da cama é de madeira escura. (The headboard of the bed is made of dark wood.)
2. Ele sentou-se na cabeceira da mesa para liderar a conversa. (He sat at the head of the table to lead the conversation.)
3. A expedição subiu até à cabeceira do rio. (The expedition went up to the headwaters of the river.)
4. Eu comprei um candeeiro novo para colocar na cabeceira. (I bought a new lamp to put on the headboard.)
5. A cabeceira da mesa estava reservada para o convidado. (The head of the table was reserved for the guest.)