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Is the word astronômica the same in Brazilian and European Portuguese?

No.

Differences

The difference between the two forms lies in spelling and pronunciation:

• Spelling: In Brazilian Portuguese, the word is spelled astronômica (using a circumflex accent to indicate a closed vowel). In European (Continental) Portuguese, the word is spelled astronómica (using an acute accent to indicate an open vowel).
• Pronunciation: Because of the different accents, a Brazilian will pronounce the "o" as a closed sound (like the "o" in the English word "low," but without the "u" glide at the end). A Portuguese person will pronounce the "o" as an open sound (like the "o" in the English word "hot" or "dog").
• Meaning and Usage: The meaning remains identical in both dialects. It is used both in its literal sense (relating to astronomy) and its figurative sense (meaning extremely large or enormous).

Brazilian Portuguese Examples

1. A distância entre essas duas estrelas é astronômica. (The distance between these two stars is astronomical.)
2. A conta do restaurante ficou astronômica por causa do vinho. (The restaurant bill became astronomical because of the wine.)
3. Ela apresentou uma diferença astronômica nos resultados. (She presented an astronomical difference in the results.)
4. A quantidade de lixo no oceano é astronômica. (The amount of trash in the ocean is astronomical.)
5. Essa descoberta científica é astronômica para a medicina. (This scientific discovery is astronomical for medicine.)

European Portuguese Examples

1. A distância entre estas duas estrelas é astronómica. (The distance between these two stars is astronomical.)
2. A conta do restaurante ficou astronómica por causa do vinho. (The restaurant bill became astronomical because of the wine.)
3. Ela apresentou uma diferença astronómica nos resultados. (She presented an astronomical difference in the results.)
4. A quantidade de lixo no oceano é astronómica. (The amount of trash in the ocean is astronomical.)
5. Esta descoberta científica é astronómica para a medicina. (This scientific discovery is astronomical for medicine.)